Metal casting is a modern process with ancient roots. In the metal casting process, metal shapes are formed by pouring molten metal into a mold cavity, where it is cooled and later extracted from the mold. The innovations that encompass carbon dioxide are introduced in two processes: CO2 molding and CO2 Spot Cooling. The advantages of these processes include time efficiency, Flexible Pattern withdrawals and produced castings that have close tolerances and good surface finishes. CO2 spot cooling, in particular, benefits industries by controlling large capacities of high cooling temperatures and reduces mold-cutting cycle time by 50%.

• Carbon Dioxide Molding is a process that is used for accuracy and hardening purposes. The process is conducted by passing CO2 gas through a cavity in which it reacts with sodium silicate to make the mold harder. CO2molding process due to its ability to produce harder molds is widely used for casting a variety of metals and especially high-density alloys like steels.
• CO2 Spot Cooling is a process that Feeds controlled pulses of liquid CO2through a thin capillary tube that gets powerful cooling into thin mold cores and other hard-to-reach hot spots. During the process, CO2expands in the “expansion room” and the gas escapes back around the outside of the tube. The CO2 then extracts heat from the mold and escapes from the mold through the annular gap between the capillary tube and the mold channel. This application is great for producing high quality automotive parts.

Cement Aggregates in general, are inert granular materials such as sand, gravel and crushed stone that, along with water and Portland cement, are essential ingredients in producing concrete. The process of selecting aggregates is important and the characteristics that are always considered are durability, grading, compression strength, absorption, surface moisture, surface texture, abrasion, voids, and skid resistance. Because Concrete is globally the second largest product consumed, manufacturing concrete results in high volumes of CO2 emissions. In order to address this issue, refurbished concrete had been introduced where the technology utilizes non-contaminated concrete rubble and debris to produce recycled concrete that is cost effective, environmentally friendly and of good quality.

• Recycling Concrete aggregates is a process that goes through 3 steps. Step-1 transporting and accepting concrete waste at the concrete recycling facility. Step-2 crushing concrete aggregates and sorting between materials to remove paper, wood and organic waste. Step-3 Grading the aggregates and sieving the materials to standardized ranges of particles and creating piles of collected aggregates that are eventually sold to manufactures. This model that forms refurbished concrete by using recycled concrete aggregates is very cost effective, sufficient and environmentally friendly.

Carbon Cure technology for the concrete industry, introduces recycled CO₂ into fresh concrete to reduce its carbon footprint without compromising performance. Once injected, the CO₂ undergoes a mineralization process and becomes permanently embedded.

• Carbon Cured Concrete is a technology that injects wasted CO2 into concrete to increase its compressed strength. Through Chemical reactions, CO2 is introduced to Calcium oxide ions in a product’s cement and subsequently produces a durable and more optimized concrete while at the same instance, it eliminates carbon dioxide.
• What is CO2 curing? Carbon dioxide curing is a method that helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions, while at the same time, produces viable concrete products. This is done by placing early stage cement paste into a CO2 chamber or pressure vessel, to accelerate strength development. Chemical reactions between Calcium oxide and CO2 start to take place to form Calcium Carbonate. This new compound becomes embedded in concrete which in return makes the concrete application stronger and more robust.